Sulfate attack on concrete book

Jul 17, 2016 the consequences of sulfate attack include not only disruptive expansion and cracking, but also loss of strength of concrete due to the loss of cohesion in the hydrated cement paste and of adhesion between it and the aggregate particles. The consequences of sulfate attack include not only disruptive expansion and cracking, but also loss of strength of concrete due to the loss of cohesion in the hydrated cement paste and of adhesion between it and the aggregate particles. Sulfate attack occurs when sulfate salts dissolved in water penetrate the concrete and react with the cement hydration products. Surface coatings may be used as a precaution but cannot be substituted for goodquality concrete. Yet the mechanism of attack has not been universally agreed and, arguably of even greater importance, test procedures to measure sulfate attack and specifications for sulfateresistant formulations are not agreed, or are disputed. Sulfate attack on concrete is the first comprehensive bookreference on this important subject ceramics 22002 about the author j. The book discusses the latest advances in research related to esa and new developments in test methods, and features realworld case studies of concrete structures affected by external sulfate attack in various countries. Sulfate attack is another possible deterioration mechanism of concrete. However, not necessarily any ettringiterelated expansion is related to sulfate attack.

Sulfates combines with the csh, or concrete paste, and begins destroying the paste that holds the concrete. Other sulfate concentrations or other sulfates such as mgso 4 may be used to simulate the environmental exposure of interest. Volume 6, concrete for extreme conditions proceedings of the international conference held at the university of dundee, scotland, uk on 911 september 2002 ravindra k. This book provides a comprehensive reference to this subject, covering.

Summary sulfate attack on concrete provides a comprehensive reference to this important subject. Apr 17, 2017 sulphate attack prevention sulphate attack is the decline of concrete over a period of time, as a result of a chemical reaction between sulphate ions and the components of hardened concrete. Materials science of concrete, sulfate attack mechanism, pp. Relationship between coefficient of permeability and watercement ratio ref 4. Astm c1012 c1012m 18b standard test method for length. Negligible when sulfate content is less than 150 ppm mgl in water, no restriction on cement type is necessary. The paper aims to examine the effects of ammonium saltsammonium sulphate and nitrate, noted for their aggressive behaviour. It can have endogenous origin developing without any contribution from the environment or exogenous origins such as sulfates contained in the soils or in liquids germain, 2008. Sulphate attack on concrete process and control of.

Sulfate attack is a complex form of deterioration that has damaged concrete structures throughout the world. Aug 08, 2015 al 27 nmr spectra indicated that sulfate attack produced a significant rise in the intensity of ettringite and a sharp drop in the concentration of monosulfate hydrate, which are some primary indications of sulfate attack on concrete. Occurs where a source of sulfate is incorporated into the concrete when mixed. Click download or read online button to sulfate attack on concrete book pdf for free now.

Sulfates in solution in contact with concrete can cause chemical changes to the cement, which can cause significant microstructural effects leading to the weakening of the cement binder chemical sulfate attack. External sulphate attack field aspects and lab tests. Sulfate attack on concrete modern concrete technology book 10 ebook. Oct 11, 2001 sulfate attack on concrete provides a comprehensive reference to this important subject. Sulfate solutions can also cause damage to porous cementitious materials through crystallization and recrystallization salt attack. Proper screening and testing procedures should generally avoid internal sulfate attack.

Sulphate attack in concrete, its effects, causes and prevention. Ettringite formation and sulfate attack on concrete by m. Monitoring of sulfate attack in concrete by al27 and si29 mas. In discussing sulfate attack mechanisms, one has to deal, among others, with issues of.

In sulfate attack is expected, the quality of the concrete is of paramount importance. The higher the c 3 a content, the more prone the concrete is to sulfate attack. The sulfate attack in concrete by degradation of iron sulfides and the effect of the host rock servando chinchonpaya 1 izelman oliveira 2 antonio aguado 3 servando chinchon 4 abstract in this study we deal with the problems of durability of concrete made with reactive aggregates, and more particularly those containing oxidizable iron sulfides. Sulfate attack on concrete modern concrete technology book 1. Volume 6, concrete for extreme conditions challenges of concrete construction. Ettringite formation and sulfate attack on concrete synopsis. Download pdf sulfate attack on concrete free online. Sulfate ions are commonly measured in parts per million ppm and the scale of severity, according to the aci 318 building code for concrete aci, 2008, table 4.

Sulphate attack is treated from the perspective of concrete exposure to nearneutral ground waters in soil and bedrock and marine waters. This book provides a comprehensive reference to this important subject, covering. Download pdf sulfate attack on concrete free online new. Describe mechanisms that initiate internal and external sulfate attack that cause deterioration or expansion in concrete.

Aci 318 identifies four exposure classes for sulfate as s0, s1, s2 and s3 table 4. Sulfate attack on concrete modern concrete technology book 1 kindle edition by odler, ivan. The concrete is weekend by a combination of expansive forces and a general loss of strength as the normal cement hydration products are decomposed to form sulfate salts. To improve the sulfate resistance of concrete, lower c 3 a cements are available. The book gathers contributions from the final workshop of the rilem tc251srt sulfate resistance testing on external sulfate attack. This mechanism has been understood by engineers for many years and, as a result, cements of type ii and type v containing less than 8% and 5% c 3 a, respectively are specified to mitigate. In the oslo region of norway, alum shales containing small amounts of the unstable iron sulfide, pyrrhotite, pro duce an unusual form of sulfate attack upon. Sulfate attack is particularly complex because the source of sulfates can be external or internal delayed ettringite formation, and the distress can be chemical in nature, due to alteration of hydration of products, or physical in. Sulfate attack on concrete provides a comprehensive reference to this important subject. Sulfate attack on concrete modern concrete technology hardcover marchand, j odler, ivan and skalny, jan p. Identify laboratory tests concrete specimen or mortar bar tests that measure volume expansion in specimens in sulfate environments over different time periodsshortterm and longterm tests. Sulfates in the soil or groundwater should be measured if sulfate attack is suspected.

Accelerated test for measuring sulfate resistance of. Aug 23, 20 sulfate attack is one of several mechanisms of concrete deterioration. The sulfate attack in concrete by degradation of iron. Sulfate damage to concrete floors on sulfatebearing hardcore.

After the structure is in place, surface coatings and adequate drainage are the only means of protecting the concrete from sulfate attack. Relationship between concrete strength and wc ratio at various ages ref 3. Sulphate attack on concrete is a chemical breakdown mechanism where sulphate ions attack components of the cement paste. Therefore, if sulfate attack chemical characteristic xa1 xa2 xa3 so 4 2 mgl 200 and 15 and construction. Cement is composed of mainly two minerals tricalcium silicates c3s and dicalcium silicates c2s.

Sulfate attack is one of several mechanisms of concrete deterioration. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading sulfate attack on concrete modern concrete technology book 1. Monitoring of sulfate attack in concrete by al27 and si29. Sulfate attack on concrete modern concrete technology. Sulfate attack on concrete in the oslo region authors.

In both cases, the consequence is some volume expansion owing to the delayed formation of ettringite, which is an expansive. Further discussion of these and other technical issues is given in the appendix. Therefore, if sulfate attack chemical characteristic xa1 xa2 xa3 so 4 2 mgl 200 and 15 and concrete silos often presents durability problems due to their chemical attack, the situation being severe due to the high concentration. Laboratory and field evaluations of external sulfate attack. It discusses the latest advances in esa and developments in test methods, and features case studies of concrete structures affected by external sulfate attack. However, not necessarily any ettringiterelated expansion is. Sulphate attack in concrete, its effects, causes and. If sufficient new phases are formed, stresses can be induced in the concrete to such an extent that the concrete can undergo cracking. Sulfate attack on concrete crc press book sulfate attack on concrete provides a comprehensive reference to this important subject.

Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading sulfate attack on concrete modern. For deleterious sulfate attack to occur in a ground floor slab, the concrete must be of. Upon hydration, the main reaction products are a calcium silicate gels csh and calcium hydroxide caoh2 or ch in cement chemistry. The compounds responsible for sulphate attack on concrete are watersoluble sulphatecontaining salts, such as alkaliearth calcium, magnesium and alkali sodium, potassium sulphates that are capable of chemically reacting. Sulphate attack prevention sulphate attack is the decline of concrete over a period of time, as a result of a chemical reaction between sulphate ions and the components of hardened concrete. Al 27 nmr spectra indicated that sulfate attack produced a significant rise in the intensity of ettringite and a sharp drop in the concentration of monosulfate hydrate, which are some primary indications of sulfate attack on concrete. Their role in concrete durability march 99 attackpenetration has been the subject of much research in recent years. Jan 14, 2017 aci 318 identifies four exposure classes for sulfate as s0, s1, s2 and s3 table 4. Astm c 150 type ii cement msr with sulfate environments. Examples include the use of sulfate rich aggregate, excess of added gypsum in the cement or contamination.